If you're going to divide SharePoint into its basic units, one of the most essential is the workflow. Having the automated pipeline of a workflow, as well as the vast customization options provided by SharePoint designer, can reduce the time invested in simple organizational tasks – lowering your costs, allowing projects to be finished more quickly, and making it less likely that projects will got lost as they change hands.

One of the important steps in making your workflow work for you is having the appropriate column displays. This allows you to have all important information visible at a glance. SharePoint Designer has made the addition of new columns easy through their association columns.

What Are Association Columns?


Association columns are data columns (such as URL, workflow name, or any number of custom fields) that are displayed in a reusable workflow. Since the reusable workflow model can be used anywhere within SharePoint, the only columns displayed by defaults are "Created" and "Created By" (the fields that are common through all portions of the site). Any number of additional columns can be added to reusable workflows or to lists. In the case of being associated with lists, association columns will appear on any workflow associated with said list.

Adding Association Columns


To add association columns, just follow these steps:

1. Click on the "Association Columns" icon in the SharePoint designer Ribbon toolbar.
2. Click "OK" on the warning message that comes up.
3. Choose either "Select Site Column" or "Add New Column" (dependent on whether you want to go with one of the default options or add your own).
4. If you're using a default column, simply choose the appropriate option from the list provided.
5. If you're adding your own column, fill out the field name, description, and data type.
6. Once you've finished, push "OK" to complete the column addition.

Recently got issue from our client in which only one web site was having issue accessing all pages under /_layouts/ directory.

Error that pops up: /_layouts/_layouts/application.master does not exist

Issue we figured out was caused by a novice developer who used SharePoint Designer to change few pages under Layouts Directory on production box!

Issue Resolution that worked for us :)

1. Go to IIS Web Site that is having this issue and make sure that layouts Folder under web site has below icon:

In our case it was changed to a Gear Icon.

If it is a Gear Icon then you can right click and check this setting under Virtual Directory Tab:

Above is correct setting as it should be in ideal configuration, if that is not the case then you can reset it by clicking on Remove tab that would be enabled across Application name.

Hope this helps to avoid entire reconfiguration!